Interactions of phenylalanine derivatives with human tyrosinase: lessons from experimental and theoretical studies.

The pigmentation of the skin, modulated by different actors in melanogenesis, is mainly due to the melanins (protective pigments). In humans, these pigments' precursors are synthetized by an enzyme known as tyrosinase (TyH). The regulation of the enzyme activity by specific modulators (inhibitors or activators) can offer a means to fight hypo- and hyper-pigmentations responsible for medical, psychological and societal handicaps. Herein, we report the investigation of phenylalanine derivatives as TyH modulators. Interacting with the binuclear copper active site of the enzyme, phenylalanine derivatives combine effects induced by combination with known resorcinol inhibitors and natural substrate/intermediate (amino acid part). Computational studies including docking, molecular dynamics and free energy calculations combined with biological activity assays on isolated TyH and in human melanoma MNT-1 cells, and X-ray crystallography analyses with the TyH analogue Tyrp1, provide conclusive evidence of the interactions of phenylalanine derivatives with human tyrosinase. In particular, our findings indicate that an analogue of L-DOPA, namely (S)-3-amino-tyrosine, stands out as an amino phenol derivative with inhibitory properties against TyH.

The assembly of the Mitochondrial Complex I Assembly complex uncovers a redox pathway coordination.

The Mitochondrial Complex I Assembly (MCIA) complex is essential for the biogenesis of respiratory Complex I (CI), the first enzyme in the respiratory chain, which has been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. However, how MCIA facilitates CI assembly, and how it is linked with AD pathogenesis, is poorly understood. Here we report the structural basis of the complex formation between the MCIA subunits ECSIT and ACAD9. ECSIT binding induces a major conformational change in the FAD-binding loop of ACAD9, releasing the FAD cofactor and converting ACAD9 from a fatty acid ß-oxidation (FAO) enzyme to a CI assembly factor. We provide evidence that ECSIT phosphorylation downregulates its association with ACAD9 and is reduced in neuronal cells upon exposure to amyloid-ß (Aß) oligomers. These findings advance our understanding of the MCIA complex assembly and suggest a possible role for ECSIT in the reprogramming of bioenergetic pathways linked to Aß toxicity, a hallmark of AD.

Perspectiva parental del cuidado humanizado de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos / Parental perspective of humanized care at the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit

Objetivo: describir el cuidado humanizado en Enfermería desde la perspectiva parental en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP).Método: orientación fenomenológica de Husserl. Los participantes han sido progenitores de población infantil de entre 3 a 6 años ingresados en la UCIP en la Comunidad de Madrid. Se ha realizado un muestreo por conveniencia y bola de nieve con nueve participantes. La recopilación de datos ha sido mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a partir de preguntas abiertas sobre temas de interés con una duración entre 40 y 50 minutos. El análisis de contenido se realizó siguiendo el método de Strauss y Corbin en tres fases.Resultados: se identificaron tres categorías: Disrupción del ingreso en la UCIP, Tiempo y espacio en la UCI Pediátricos y Atención enfermera en la UCIP. Los progenitores manifestaron un gran desconocimiento acerca de los cuidados y las labores realizadas en las unidades de cuidados intensivos antes del ingreso de sus hijos e hijas. En todos los casos sintieron miedo e incertidumbre. Los progenitores valoraron la constancia, el seguimiento exhaustivo y el apoyo emocional como una parte fundamental de los cuidados del personal de Enfermería en estas unidades.Conclusiones: todavía existe un desafío en la inclusión efectiva de los padres y hay una percepción insuficiente del apoyo del equipo de Enfermería hacia ellos y ellas. Se debe considerar incluir a las familias en los cuidados de sus hijos e hijas en una UCIP para disminuir el estrés y mejorar la percepción de la atención enfermera. (AU)

Objective: to describe the humanized Nursing care from the parental perspective at the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU).Method: husserlian-oriented descriptive phenomenological methodology. The participants were parents of the paediatric population (3-to-6 years old) admitted at the PICU in the Community of Madrid. Convenience and snowball sampling were conducted with nine participants. There was data collection through semistructured interviews based on open questions about topics of interest, with a duration between 40 and 50 minutes. Content analysis was conducted following the method in three stages by Strauss and Corbin.Results: three categories were identified: Disruption of admission at the PICU, Time and space at the Pediatric ICU, and Nursing care at the PICU. Parents showed a major lack of knowledge about the care and tasks conducted at the Intensive Care Units before their children were admitted. In all cases, they felt fear and uncertainty. Parents valued consistency, thorough follow-up and emotional support as an essential part of Nursing care in these units.Conclusions: the effective inclusion of parents still represents a challenge, and there is an insufficient perception of the support by the Nursing team towards them. It must be considered to include families in the care of their children at the PICU, in order to reduce stress and improve the perception of Nursing care. (AU)

Perception of abortion in first-year students of the Faculty of Medicine after the Human Embryology course.

BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have been recorded regarding the perception of abortion among students in the health area. OBJECTIVE: To know if medical-scientific training is sufficient to generate a change in the perception of first-year students of the National Autonomous University of Mexico Faculty of Medicine. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was applied in two times, with the level of relationship between the items of each dimension being analyzed using Cramer's V test. The results were compared to analyze if there was a change in the perception of abortion after the human embryology course. RESULTS: With an initial population of 2,150 students, 393 pre-course and 394 post-course surveys were conducted. The results indicated that despite the existence of changes in the perception of Faculty of Medicine students with regard to abortion, they are not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The medical-scientific training provided by the human embryology course is not enough to provide foundations to the perception of students on issues such as abortion or conscientious objection.

ANTECEDENTES: Actualmente se han registrado diversos estudios sobre la percepción del aborto en el alumnado del área de la salud. OBJETIVO: Conocer si la formación médico-científica puede generar un cambio en la percepción del alumnado que cursa el primer año en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se aplicó una encuesta transversal en dos tiempos y se analizó el nivel de relación de los ítems de cada dimensión mediante coeficiente V de Crámer. Los resultados se compararon para identificar si existió un cambio de percepción acerca del aborto después del curso de embriología humana. RESULTADOS: Con una población inicial de 2150 alumnos, se realizaron 393 encuestas previas al curso y 394 encuestas posteriores. Los resultados indicaron que a pesar de existir cambios en la percepción de los alumnos de la Facultad de Medicina sobre el aborto, no fueron significativos. CONCLUSIONES: La formación médico-científica que proporciona el curso de embriología humana no es suficiente para fundamentar la percepción del alumnado en temas como el aborto o la objeción de conciencia.

Computational methods to analyze and predict the binding mode of inhibitors targeting both human and mushroom tyrosinase.

Tyrosinase, a copper-containing enzyme critical in melanin biosynthesis, is a key drug target for hyperpigmentation and melanoma in humans. Testing the inhibitory effects of compounds using tyrosinase from Agaricus bisporus (AbTYR) has been a common practice to identify potential therapeutics from synthetic and natural sources. However, structural diversity among human tyrosinase (hTYR) and AbTYR presents a challenge in developing drugs that are therapeutically effective. In this study, we combined retrospective and computational analyses with experimental data to provide insights into the development of new inhibitors targeting both hTYR and AbTYR. We observed contrasting effects of Thiamidol™ and our 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl-derivative (6) on both enzymes; based on this finding, we aimed to investigate their binding modes in hTYR and AbTYR to identify residues that significantly improve affinity. All the information led to the discovery of compound [4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl](2-methoxyphenyl)methanone (MehT-3, 7), which showed comparable activity on AbTYR (IC50 = 3.52 µM) and hTYR (IC50 = 5.4 µM). Based on these achievements we propose the exploitation of our computational results to provide relevant structural information for the development of newer dual-targeting molecules, which could be preliminarily tested on AbTYR as a rapid and inexpensive screening procedure before being tested on hTYR.

The Lived Experiences of Female Immigrant Carers in Madrid, Spain: A Phenomenological Study.

BACKGROUND: Immigration and population ageing represent circumstances with important sociocultural and economic repercussions. METHODS: A qualitative study using interpretative phenomenological analysis was conducted to understand the daily lives and the work of immigrant women dedicated to caring for older citizens. In-depth interviews and discussion groups were carried out in a group of 40 immigrant carers. Data were analysed via the constant comparative method. RESULTS: Three qualitative themes emerged from the data: 'difficult lives', 'working in the home', and 'the vision of the other'. This study highlights the many difficulties encountered by this population. A sense of vulnerability was described while fulfilling their professional duties due to their migrant condition, experiences of gender inequality, and work status. An emotional connection is necessary to provide care, which is impossible in cases of discrimination. DISCUSSION: Administrative regularisation is necessary to improve the quality of immigrant carers' working conditions.

Percepción del aborto en alumnado de primer año de la Facultad de Medicina posterior al curso de embriología humana / Perception of abortion in first-year students of the Faculty of Medicine after the Human Embryology course

Resumen Antecedentes: Actualmente se han registrado diversos estudios sobre la percepción del aborto en el alumnado del área de la salud. Objetivo: Conocer si la formación médico-científica puede generar un cambio en la percepción del alumnado que cursa el primer año en la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Material y métodos: Se aplicó una encuesta transversal en dos tiempos y se analizó el nivel de relación de los ítems de cada dimensión mediante coeficiente V de Crámer. Los resultados se compararon para identificar si existió un cambio de percepción acerca del aborto después del curso de embriología humana. Resultados: Con una población inicial de 2150 alumnos, se realizaron 393 encuestas previas al curso y 394 encuestas posteriores. Los resultados indicaron que a pesar de existir cambios en la percepción de los alumnos de la Facultad de Medicina sobre el aborto, no fueron significativos. Conclusiones: La formación médico-científica que proporciona el curso de embriología humana no es suficiente para fundamentar la percepción del alumnado en temas como el aborto o la objeción de conciencia.

Abstract Background: Multiple studies have been recorded regarding the perception of abortion among students in the health area. Objective: To know if medical-scientific training is sufficient to generate a change in the perception of first-year students of the National Autonomous University of Mexico Faculty of Medicine. Material and methods: A cross-sectional survey was applied in two times, with the level of relationship between the items of each dimension being analyzed using Cramer's V test. The results were compared to analyze if there was a change in the perception of abortion after the human embryology course. Results: With an initial population of 2,150 students, 393 pre-course and 394 post-course surveys were conducted. The results indicated that despite the existence of changes in the perception of Faculty of Medicine students with regard to abortion, they are not significant. Conclusions: The medical-scientific training provided by the human embryology course is not enough to provide foundations to the perception of students on issues such as abortion or conscientious objection.

Structural basis of bioenergetic protein complexes in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with no cure where the underlying causes remain elusive. Mitochondrial dysfunction has become a prime suspect in AD pathogenesis since bioenergetic deficits precede the pathology. With advancing structural biology techniques at synchrotrons and cryo-electron microscopes, it is becoming possible to determine the structures of key proteins suspected to contribute to the initiation and propagation of AD, and investigate their interactions. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent developments concerning the structural aspects of mitochondrial protein complexes and their assembly factors involved the production of energy, in pursuit of therapies to halt or even reverse this disease in the early stages when mitochondria are most sensitive to amyloid toxicity.

In Combo Studies for the Optimization of 5-Aminoanthranilic Acid Derivatives as Potential Multitarget Drugs for the Management of Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome is a set of risk factors that consist of abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, alterations in the lipid profile, and hyperglycemia. The current therapeutic strategy includes polypharmacy, using three or more drugs to control each syndrome component. However, this approach has drawbacks that could lead to therapeutic failure. Multitarget drugs are molecules with the ability to act on different targets simultaneously and are an attractive alternative for treating complex diseases such as metabolic syndrome. Previously, we identified a triamide derivative of 5-aminoanthranilic acid that exhibited hypoglycemic, hypolipemic, and antihypertensive activities simultaneously. In the present study, we report the synthesis and in combo evaluation of new derivatives of anthranilic acid, intending to identify the primary structural factors that improve the activity over metabolic syndrome-related parameters. We found that substitution on position 5, incorporation of 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl substituents, and having a free carboxylic acid group lead to the in vitro inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase, and simultaneously the diminution of the serum levels of glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol in a diet-induced in vivo model.

The Effect of a Sleep Intervention on Sleep Quality in Nursing Students: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

We develop a protocol for assessing the impact of an intervention aimed at improving sleep quality among university nursing students. The study is designed as a pilot randomized controlled trial to be applied during the 2022-23 academic year and is registered at Clinical Trials Gov website (NCT05273086). A total of 60 nursing students will be recruited from a Spanish university. They will be divided into two groups: (30) intervention group and (30) control group. The intervention group will attend two cognitive-behavioural therapy sleep programme sessions focused on knowledge of anatomical structures involved in sleep, chronotype, synchronization, and good sleeping habits. Subjective and objective sleep quality will be assessed before and after the intervention for both groups. In addition to sleep quality, socio-demographic parameters, physical activity, lifestyle habits, and anthropometric measures will be considered prior to intervention. Finally, a satisfaction questionnaire will be applied for posterior analysis. This study is an innovative, relevant intervention that aims to improve sleep quality among university nursing students. Both the approach and the use of objective and subjective validated outcome measurements are key features of this study.

Ratio of Women with POP Using Pessary, Improvement in Urination and Quality of Life.

INTRODUCTION: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) has a general incidence of > 10% in the female population of the Western world. The pessary is a silicone device, it is inserted into the vagina to provide support to the pelvic organs. It is used as a conservative treatment to improve prolapse symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate urination among women with a pessary and women without a pessary and to evaluate the effectiveness of pessary treatment in pelvic organ prolapse with voiding difficulties. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective and quasi-experimental observational study of an analytical nature was conducted. It will consist of analyzing the results of treatment with vaginal pessaries in women with POP. A total of 60 women were chosen as a sample of the study, 50% were placed with the pessary. PGI test and uroflujometry were used. RESULTS: The placement of pessary shows how there is a significant correlation between the quality of life of women and urination. CONCLUSIONS: There is a relationship between the improvement of the quality of life and the improvement of the mycological dynamics of women in pessary treatment. However, the improvement in the quality of life cannot be attributed solely to the improvement of urinary flow, but also to the well-being caused by the reduction of POP.

Structural analysis of Red1 as a conserved scaffold of the RNA-targeting MTREC/PAXT complex.

To eliminate specific or aberrant transcripts, eukaryotes use nuclear RNA-targeting complexes that deliver them to the exosome for degradation. S. pombe MTREC, and its human counterpart PAXT, are key players in this mechanism but inner workings of these complexes are not understood in sufficient detail. Here, we present an NMR structure of an MTREC scaffold protein Red1 helix-turn-helix domain bound to the Iss10 N-terminus and show this interaction is required for proper cellular growth and meiotic mRNA degradation. We also report a crystal structure of a Red1-Ars2 complex explaining mutually exclusive interactions of hARS2 with various ED/EGEI/L motif-possessing RNA regulators, including hZFC3H1 of PAXT, hFLASH or hNCBP3. Finally, we show that both Red1 and hZFC3H1 homo-dimerize via their coiled-coil regions indicating that MTREC and PAXT likely function as dimers. Our results, combining structures of three Red1 interfaces with in vivo studies, provide mechanistic insights into conserved features of MTREC/PAXT architecture.

Malignancies in Deceased Organ Donors: The Spanish Experience.

BACKGROUND: To better define the risk of malignancy transmission through organ transplantation, we review the Spanish experience on donor malignancies. METHODS: We analyzed the outcomes of recipients of organs obtained from deceased donors diagnosed with a malignancy during 2013-2018. The risk of malignancy transmission was classified as proposed by the Council of Europe. RESULTS: Of 10 076 utilized deceased donors, 349 (3.5%) were diagnosed with a malignancy. Of those, 275 had a past (n = 168) or current (n = 107) history of malignancy known before the transplantation of organs into 651 recipients. Ten malignancies met high-risk criteria. No donor-transmitted cancer (DTC) was reported after a median follow-up of 24 (interquartile range [IQR]: 19-25) mo. The other 74 donors were diagnosed with a malignancy after transplantation. Within this group, 64 donors (22 with malignancies of high or unacceptable risk) whose organs were transplanted into 126 recipients did not result in a DTC after a median follow-up of 26 (IQR: 22-37) mo, though a prophylactic transplantectomy was performed in 5 patients. The remaining 10 donors transmitted an occult malignancy to 16 of 25 recipients, consisting of lung cancer (n = 9), duodenal adenocarcinoma (n = 2), renal cell carcinoma (n = 2), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (n = 1), prostate cancer (n = 1), and undifferentiated cancer (n = 1). After a median follow-up of 14 (IQR: 11-24) mo following diagnosis, the evolution was fatal in 9 recipients. In total, of 802 recipients at risk, 16 (2%) developed a DTC, which corresponds to 6 cases per 10 000 organ transplants. CONCLUSIONS: Current standards may overestimate the risk of malignancy transmission. DTC is an infrequent but difficult to eliminate complication.

The Impact of COVID-19 on the Lifestyles of University Students: A Spanish Online Survey.

The present study aimed to investigate the perceived changes in lifestyle behaviors among Spanish university students during COVID-19-related confinement. An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional survey study was conducted during April 2020. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were then obtained. The FANTASTIC questionnaire was used to assess the lifestyles of the 488 participants who took part in the study. Of the participants, 76.3% were female. Overall, the lifestyles of university students significantly deteriorated during the period of confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. University female students were especially affected compared to their male fellows (p = 0.010). For women, social and family relationships (p < 0.001), personality (p < 0.001), interior (p < 0.001), and career (p < 0.001) were the aspects that worsened during confinement. For men, lack of physical exercise (p < 0.001), social and family relationships (p < 0.001), and career (p = 0.002) were affected to a greater extent. In both cases, confinement was a protective factor against the consumption of tobacco, toxins (p < 0.001), and alcohol (p < 0.001). Gender (p = 0.008) and obesity (p = 0.044) were the two factors that most affected the change in the score of the FANTASTIC questionnaire. Spanish university students' lifestyles worsened during the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially those of women, who were the most affected. Some aspects, such as those related to social and emotional behaviors, were deeply affected, while confinement could be a protective factor against previous toxic habits.

Health Problems Encountered by Short-Term European Volunteers in a Nongovernmental Organization in Cambodia.

Short-term volunteers are susceptible to a wide spectrum of morbidities, mostly infectious diseases preventable with general hygiene and preventive measures. This study aimed to identify the health problems encountered by European short-term volunteers collaborating for 1 month with a nongovernmental organization (NGO) in Cambodia and to describe their characteristics. A prospective, descriptive observational study was conducted on short-term volunteers who collaborated with an NGO in Cambodia during August 2018. Informed consent and sociodemographic, clinical, and preventative health-related questionnaire data were provided by 198 volunteers. The health problems encountered were confirmed in a primary care consultation with healthcare professionals. Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed. The median age of the volunteers was 22 years (interquartile range = 21-24), and 64% were women. Some (18.2%) had allergies, 8.6% had preexisting health conditions, and 10.6% were under regular treatment. A total of 77.3% visited a pretravel consultation clinic, 39.9% completed a specific pretravel health course, 21.7% took malaria prophylaxis, 92.4% received hepatitis A vaccination, and 82.3% received typhoid fever vaccination. Medical assistance was sought by 112 (57.3%) of the volunteers. The average number of health problems was 2.5 (standard deviation = 1.5), and the total number of health problems attended by the medical team was 279. The most common health problems were upper respiratory infections (12.2 per 1,000 person/days), wounds (10.8 per 1,000 person/days), and diarrhea (6.3 per 1,000 person/days). Short-term volunteers experienced a high rate of health problems during their stay in Cambodia, but most of the problems were mild and preventable and resolved quickly. Pretravel consultation and specific pretravel health training seemed to increase disease awareness.

Implementación de un programa de educación maternal en medio acuático / Implementation of a maternal education program in an aquatic environment

Objetivo: evaluar la efectividad de una intervención de educación maternal en medio acuático guiado por matronas en mujeres gestantes en seguimiento en Atención Primaria.Método: estudio cuasi-experimental, longitudinal y prospectivo. Participarán las mujeres gestantes pertenecientes a los centros de salud adscritos al programa de educación maternal que hayan realizado el seguimiento completo del embarazo en los centros de salud ubicados en el distrito de Usera (Madrid), y cuyo parto haya tenido lugar en el hospital de referencia. El programa de educación maternal consta de seis sesiones de 50 minutos de duración, que incluye ejercicios acuáticos dirigidos por las matronas del centro de salud. La variable principal será el porcentaje de partos eutócicos. Entre las variables secundarias se analizará el control del dolor y el traumatismo perineal. Se llevará a cabo análisis descriptivo. Para la comparación entre grupos se usarán los test estadísticos adecuados al tipo de variables.Conclusión: con la implementación del programa se pretende disminuir la tasa de cesáreas.(AU)

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of a maternal education intervention in an aquatic environment and guided by midwives for pregnant women under follow-up by Primary Care.Method: a quasi-experimental, longitudinal and prospective study, which will include pregnant women from the Primary Care centres affiliated with the Maternal Education Program, who have received complete follow-up for their pregnancy in the health centres at the Usera district (Madrid), and with delivery taking place in their hospital of reference. The Maternal Education program consists of six 50-minute sessions, and includes aquatic exercises guided by the Primary Care centre midwives. The primary endpoint will be the proportion of normal deliveries. The secondary endpoints will include the analysis of pain management and perineal trauma. Descriptive analysis will be conducted. The statistical tests adequate for this type of endpoints will be used for comparison between arms.Conclusion: the implementation of the program intends to reduce the rate of Caesarean deliveries.(AU)

Differential Characteristics of Patients With Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck According to Gender.

OBJECTIVE: To analyse the trend in the percentage of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) of female gender over the last decades, and differences in survival according to gender. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 5828 SCCHN diagnosed during the period 1985-2019. In the survival analysis we only included only patients with more than two years of follow-up. RESULTS: The proportion of tumours in female patients increased significantly over the study period. There was greater increase of tumours located in the oral cavity, oropharynx and larynx in the percentage of female patients. When considering the total number of patients, there were no significant differences in disease-specific survival according to gender. We observed a variable behaviour of disease-specific survival according to gender depending on the primary location of the tumour. For tumours of the larynx and oropharynx the female patients had a disease-specific survival significantly higher than that of men, while for tumours of the oral cavity, the female patients had a significant reduction of disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: In our setting, the percentage of female patients with HNSCC has been increasing steadily over recent decades. There were differences in disease-specific survival according to gender depending on the location of the primary tumour.

Características diferenciales de los pacientes con carcinomas escamosos de cabeza y cuello en función del género / Differential characteristics of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck according to gender

Objetivo: Analizar la evolución en el porcentaje de pacientes con carcinoma escamoso de cabeza y cuello de género femenino a lo largo de las últimas décadas, así como la existencia de diferencias en la supervivencia en función del género.Material y métodosEstudio retrospectivo de 5.828 carcinomas escamosos de cabeza y cuello diagnosticados durante el periodo 1985-2019. En el análisis de supervivencia se incluyeron solo pacientes con más de dos años de seguimiento.ResultadosLa proporción de tumores en pacientes de género femenino aumentó de forma significativa a lo largo del periodo de estudio. Los tumores localizados en la cavidad oral, orofaringe y laringe fueron los que tuvieron un mayor incremento en el porcentaje de pacientes de género femenino. Al considerar el total de pacientes, no aparecieron diferencias significativas en la supervivencia específica en función del género. Observamos un comportamiento variable de la supervivencia específica en función del género dependiendo de la localización primaria del tumor. Para los tumores de laringe y la orofaringe las pacientes de género femenino tuvieron una supervivencia específica significativamente superior a la de los varones, en tanto que para los tumores de cavidad oral, las pacientes de género femenino contaron con una reducción significativa de la supervivencia específica.ConclusionesEn nuestro entorno, el porcentaje de pacientes de género femenino con carcinoma escamoso de cabeza y cuello se ha venido incrementando de forma progresiva a lo largo de las últimas décadas. Existen diferencias en la supervivencia específica en función del género dependiendo de la localización del tumor primario. (AU)

Objective: To analyse the trend in the percentage of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck of female gender over the last decades, and differences in survival according to gender.Material and methodsRetrospective study of 5,828 squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck diagnosed during the period 1985-2019. In the survival analysis we only included only patients with more than two years of follow-up.ResultsThe proportion of tumours in female patients increased significantly over the study period. There was greater increase of tumours located in the oral cavity, oropharynx and larynx in the percentage of female patients. When considering the total number of patients, there were no significant differences in disease-specific survival according to gender. We observed a variable behaviour of disease-specific survival according to gender depending on the primary location of the tumour. For tumours of the larynx and oropharynx the female patients had a disease-specific survival significantly higher than that of men, while for tumours of the oral cavity, the female patients had a significant reduction of disease-specific survival.ConclusionsIn our setting, the percentage of female patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck has been increasing steadily over recent decades. There were differences in disease-specific survival according to gender depending on the location of the primary tumour. (AU)